关注国际焦点，洞察世界风云。本期《高端访谈》对话诺贝尔经济学奖获得者、美国经济学家托马斯·萨金特。他多年来连续访华，认为中国的发展堪称奇迹。在他看来，中国的发展奇迹背后有着怎样的制度逻辑与文化基因？他的理性预期理论，又与中国的五年规划有着怎样的共鸣？让我们一起在对话中寻找答案。

中国为何成功？听听诺奖得主的答案

萨金特指出，中国能实现发展奇迹，要归功于系统性坚持对外开放、崇尚科学精神、重视高等教育、激发企业家精神等，而且中国建立了稳定的制度与规则。他坦言，作为美国人，他切身感受到美国正在放弃这些曾经使其强大的做法，这些中国做对的事，恰恰是美国如今需要重新学习的。

Sargent attributes China's remarkable rise to its systematic commitment to openness, science, entrepreneurship, and stable institutional rules. Speaking from an American perspective, he notes that the United States is now moving away from the very principles that once made it successful. He suggests that the US has much to learn from what China has done right.

诺奖得主揭露美国经济困境

萨金特运用其“理性预期”研究，尖锐指出美国当前经济政策缺乏稳定性和可信度。频繁变动的美国政策，使企业和民众无法形成稳定预期，最终可能引发滞胀与债务违约。与此相反，中国央行制定的规则体系稳定、可预期，得到了萨金特的肯定。他还指出，美国民众数学素养严重不足，反映出科学与工程教育的缺失。

Applying his "rational expectations"framework, Sargent criticizesthe instability and lack of credibility in current US economic policy. He warns that frequent policy changes undermine public and business confidence, raising the risk of stagflation and debt default. In contrast, China's central bank adheres to a stable and predictable rule-based system. Sargent also highlights a sharp contrast in education, noting that poor math literacy in the US reflects deeper weaknesses in science and engineering training.

诺奖得主急了

美国现有政策正在赶走科学家

萨金特回顾历史指出，美国科技曾在二战后崛起，一个关键原因是吸纳了被纳粹驱逐的欧洲科学家。然而如今，由于政策环境恶化，许多非本土出生的科学家正选择离开美国，他认为这是美国政府对历史经验的严重忽视和悖离。

Sargent recalls that American science has led the world since World War II. This leadership was built on welcoming European scientists who were driven out by the Nazis. Today, however, he warns that a deteriorating policy environment is driving many foreign-born scientists away from the United States. It is a profound neglect of historical lessons.

本文来源：CGTN《Leaders Talk》第165期

制片人：王英、张亚静

责编：邓雨彤